“SECRET 27 March 1963 CUBAN TRAINING OF LATIN AMERICAN SUBVERSIVES SUMMARY 4 .Page 1 DISCUSSION A. Recruitment of Trainees • • .2 B. Travel. • . . 2 C. Numbers of Trainees ft 4 D. Training. 5 E. Subsequent Employment and Countermeasures 0 6 F. Purpose and Propaganda.”
“SECRET A relative of a leading Communist in Cuba (who has previously given reliable advance information Of important developments) expressed the opinion on 30 Novesber that there will be revolts in Caribbean countries which will masquerade as "national revolutions" so as to ”
“SECRET DISCUSSION A. Recruitment of Trainees 1. Candidates for subversive training in Cuba are selected by the leftist organizations sponsoring such activity in their homeland. These organizations are not always Communist, particularly in countries- where the regular Commu”
“a. One refugee, & deserter from Castro’s army, reported from personal knowledge that in late 1961 there were a number of students from Chile, Ecuador, Argentina, Guatemala, and Brazil living in a Havana suburb who regularly attended classes in Marxism-Leninism, propaganda tech”
“SECRET III. Training We estimate that:.at least 1,000, and perhaps as many as 1,500 persons came to Cuba during 1962, from all the other Latin American countries with 0 the possible exception of Uruguay, to receive ideo logical indoctrination, or guerrilla warfare train-”
“13-00000 SECRET NO FOREIGN DISSEM Guiana, and other countries. Indeed, on at least two recent occasions, Che Guevara was quoted as restating familiar Cuban views on revolution. In an interview published in an Italian newspaper in March, Guevara reiterated that the road to”
“in 1962 is reasonably accurate. We also believe that the scope and volume of this training is being stepped up, just as we know that it incresed in 1962 over 1961. The basic training covers cross-country movement; of guerrillas, firing, care of weapons, and general guerrilla”
“Records show a total of 25 subversion inci- dents: eight by unknown persons; three involving individuals believed to have received training in Cuba, and 14 involving persons not believed or known to have had any Cuban training. 6. Other than two prominent Communist labor le”
“SECRET 27 March 1963 COLOMBIA / 1. We have record of about 400 Colombians who traveled to Cuba legally during the past year, and no record of any illegal travel. Approximately 100 appear on manifests via Curacao, and 65 via Mexico City. Travel information on the remaini”
“SECRET to land at Recife, Brazil, en route to Havana, and may have picked up some passengers 8. Controlled sources who have undergone guer- rilla training, and a comparison, of inbound and out- bound travelers identified by travel controls make it clear that at least in th”
“SECRET 2 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Memorandum % CUBAN TRAININ G OF LATIN AMERICAN SUBVERSIVES 27 March 1963 A SECRET HW 50955 DocId: 32283208 Page 2”
“SECRET A trainee who recently returned to Peru after several months of training in Cuba, said that all his fellow trainees were asked to mark bridges and other similar demolition targets on detailed maps of Peru. They were also required to fill out : lengthy questionnaires”
“training in Cuba. "Four of these were VAN - members. Another group of recently-returned trainees was reliable, reported in early May to be seeking to establish a new revolutionary group in Panama and to launch revolutionary activities in the near f ut ure. ---------------- -”
“categories: a. The indoctrination and training of hundreds Of Latin Americans in Cuba; b. The intensive propaganda beamed at Latin America by Cuban radio stations and circulated through printed material and the Cuban-subsidized international "news" agency, and; C. The cover”
“SECRET OCI No. 0515/63 27 March 1963 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY MEMORANDUM: Cuban Training of Latin American Sub versives SUMMARY 1. We estimate that at least 1,500 to 2,000 Latin Americans have received guerrilla training or political indoctrination in Cuba. 2. We”
“SECRET 6. Reports of trainees indicate that weapons training is confined to weapons they will be able to obtain, maintain, and replenish in their own countries. We have reliable and corroborative re- ports that trainees and sponsoring leaders alike have been told Cuba does”
“13-00000 —SECRET NO FOREIGN DISSEM 7. Latin Americans returning to their coun tries after having received training in Cuba often take a round-about route to conceal the fact that they have been in Cuba. Many takeminelBowlet Bloor WilhighosmbomPrague. They then go through”
“"agriculture" re ceive guerrilla warfare training. This instruction encompasses the use and management of communications equipment; the techniques of military intelligence, including methods of establishing intelligence net works to obtain information from peasants; traini”
“group with which Castro invaded the Sierra Maestra. Thousands of copies of these books, in Span ish or in Portuguese, have been printed or mimeographed and are circulating in Latin America. Some have been specifically revised for individual countries. 4. We also have report”
“13-00000 SECRET NO FOREIGN DISSEM attention, which is given through the Cuban embassy- acMontevideo. Some FULNA members have received guerrilla training in Cuba. A once-weekly pro-Castro broadcast in the Guarani language has been heard in Paraguay since mid-November 1963”
“January 1960 SECRET SEGRET I. ANTI-CASTRO ACTIVITIES IN TH E UN ITED STATES Efforts of Cuban exiles based in the United States since the fall of Batista and the assumption of power by the Castro regime on 1 January 1959 have been characterized by continu- ally shifting alliances”
“SECRET EXCERPT FROM DRAFT NIE 85-63, 4 FEBRUARY 1963 32. Nonetheless, Castro continues his appeal for revolution in Latin America on the Cuban model. Those Latin Americans who are committed to violent revolution continue to look to Castro for help, particularly from his tr”
“SECRET Latin American governments are also able to maintain fairly accurate lists of their nationals known to have been in Cuba. We get a certain amount of cross- checking from lists of names furnished us by several of our agents who have undergone training, and in confess”
“authorities. A British Guianese Communist studying in Jamaica, who is believed to have received train ing in Cuba, instigated a demonstration in front of the U.S. Embassy in October, 1962, by six members of the "Friends of Cuba Committee;" one Communist was arrested, fined,”
“SECRET been unable to establish any Cuban connection, as in the case of the 139 guerrillas tried in Venezuela last fall. 4. In the absence of a comprehensive statis- tical approach, information on arrests, trials, and the involvement of Cuban trainees in subversive activi”
“SECRET B. But by and large, our evidence shows that Cuba is not now attempting a large program of physical support for Latin American rev olutionaries. It is, rather, concentrating on supplying the inspiration, the guidance, the training, and the communications and techn”
“SECRET 10. Voice radio transmitters in Caracas and- in outlying cities have been heard in conversa tion with a voice transmitter in Cuba. 11. Principal personalities known or believed to have received training in Cuba include: Members of the PCV central committee: Guille”
“SECRET 25 February 1963 .CUBAN SUBVERSION IN LATIN AMERICA I. Introduction The public pronouncements of Cuban leaders, the daily record of events in Latin America, and reports from our intelligence, sources within Communist and other left-extremist elements throughout th”
“y 1960 NW 65924 Docld:32359440 Page 2 SECRET I. SECRET ANTI-CASTRO ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES 1 Efforts of Cuban exiles based in the United States since the fall of Batista and the assumption of power by the Castro regime on 1 January 1959 have been characterized by continu-”
“the DRAFT BRIEFING NOTES SECRET 18 Februar Cida CUBAN SUBVERSION IN LATIN.'AMERICA I. Introductory Statement The public pronouncements of Cuban leaders, the daily record of events in Latin America, and reports from our intelligence sources within Communist and other l”
“about 40 men. .4. Since 1 January. 1962, there have been only two arrests for subversive activity in Honduras. Neither man is known to have received training in Cuba, and both were released after short detention without trail. Three other individuals have been charged with ”
“taken training, penetrations of sponsoring organizations, and in a few cases from the records of cooperating Latin Amer ican security services. 2. Monitoring of travel into Cuba gives some indication of how many have stayed long enough to receive training, but does not per”
“Cuba. 4. None of the individuals known to have re ceived extensive Cuban training hold influential positions, but the following individuals in position of influence have traveled to Cuba and may have re ceived some training: Fanny Edelman, former secretary-general of the”
“that you get back to your homeland. Once you are there, we will keep in touch with you, give you propaganda sup port, send you propaganda materials for your movement, training aids to expand your guerrilla forces, secret communications methods, and perhaps funds and special”
“been in Cuba long enough to receive train ing include: Daniel Saravia Quiroz, secretary-general of the Bolivian Labor Confederation (COB). (Saravia, however, is reported to have changed his beliefs since his travel to England.) Baldomero Castel, COB leader. Oscar Salas, m”
“SECRET 27 March 1963 BRAZIL 1. Approximately 400 Brazilian nationals trav eled legally to Cuba in 1962, and another 24 the first two months of 1963. A total of about 50 Bra- zilians are believed to have received specific guer rilla. warfare training in Cuba, starting w”
“13-00000 SECRET NO FOREIGN DISSEM A clandestine source Miihas gdod oonercts with Chileans tudentsui Cuba reported in February that tamrecently returned student said some 40 Chileans would soon be leaving Cuba to return to Chile. The source said these Chileans"had recelve”
“SECRET 27 March 1963 OTHERS 1. There have been about 40 legal travelers from British Guiana to Cuba. Some Latin American travelers couTcTT5e™carried without much chance of detection on Cuban freighters hauling rice. Local papers and opposition parties have- charged that ”
“SECRET OSA 353 29 October 1963 CUBA MEMORANDUM FOR: THE GENERAL COUNSEL SUBJECT: Interdepartmental Coordinating Committee of Cuban Affairs: Report on Status of Implementation of Actions Designed to Counter Subversion (U) 1. (U) The following information is submitted i”
“SECRET 27 March 1963 NICARAGUA 1. About 75 Nicaraguans have traveled to Cuba during the past 18 months. Nicaraguan security authorities list 22 as known to have received guerrilla warfare training there. . 2. Of the 22, eight were arreated when - they returned to Nicara”
“ideology. The refugee did not know how many Latin Americans were involved, but believed the duration of each course was about eight weeks, after which another group replaced the one that had been training. 5. Much of the travel of Latin American students to Cuba for training ”
“KNOWN TRAVEL OF LATIN AMERICANS TO AND FROM CUBA AUGUST 1963 Aw. NATIONALITY AUGUST PURPOSE OF TRIP TO CUBA TO FROM ARGENTINA 4 0 26th July Celebrations. BOLIVIA 5 ■3 BRAZIL 0 24 22-Returning from 26th July Celebrations. BR. GUIANA 7 10 Herder Institute in Leipzig. CHILE”
“SECRET this level of activity is not the sort of thing that will bring down the government unless the president or other high officials are assassinated. The FALN has not reached a point where it stands up to the armed forces, or seizes and holds government build ings. W”
“362744 Page 4 (Summary) 15 January 1960 SECRET SEGRET I. ANTI-CASTRO ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES Efforts of Cuban exiles based in the United States since the fall of Batista and the assumption of power by the Castro regime on 1 January 1959 have been characterized by continu”
“ssist the GOB in preventing unauthorized travel by Bolivians 3 NW 66000 Docld:32424016 Page 6 SECRET and will help identify violators. e) Drawing on the recommendation in the paper on "The Movement of Subversives and Subversive Trainees" and other sources, instructed the non-isth”
“SECRET D, Training 1. The scope of training varies with the time available. One agent who participated in a four- week course in mid-1961 received basic training covering cross-country movement of guerrillas, use and maintenance of weapons, and basic guerrilla tactics. Ano”
“SECRET 6. A number of minor incursions into Nicaragua, mainly from the Honduran border, have been mounted by the Cuban-supported, Communist-dominated National Liberation Front (FLN). At least nine of the FLN mem bers engaged in these raids are known or believed to have ha”
“, customs control, coastal sur- veillance and the organization of a local counter-subversive agency. For the Sub-Committee: SECRET NW 65990 Docld:32401396 Page 3 1 V. H. KRULAK Major General, USMC Chairman 2 SECRET PROGRESS ACHIEVED DURING APRIL IN IMPEDING TRAVEL TO CUBA 1. The ”
“SECRET something effective by way of a revolu tionary movement in your homeland, if your guerrillas come down out of the hills and confront regular armed forces, then we may consider more concrete forms of assist ance.*’' D. So far, it should be noted, none of .the mov”
“citizen who has contacts among FUAR members reported last June that Fidel Castro had just given the group $15,000 and promised further financial aid semi-annually. Gloria Gaitan de Valencia, the wife of a FUAR leader and the daughter of the Colombian leader Gaitan whose assass”